TYPES OF PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
A. GENERAL
principles of management:
General principles of management include basic and general
guidelines which help in managing organization more
efficiently.
Henri Fayol’s was the developer of General principles of management.
·
He is a French theorist.
·
Developed 4 functions of management:
Planning
Organizing
Directing
Controlling
·
Also,
He gave 14 principles of management
·
And because of this he is known as FATHER OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT.
1.
Division of work
·
As, organization includes various complex
activities or work.
·
This principles of management says to:
i.
To divide whole work
of organization in fragments called jobs.
ii.
Where division of work or assigning of jobs
would be done on the basis of skills and
qualifications.
Aim: This aims to achieve specialization in all the
jobs or work assigned.
v SPECIALIZATION
refers to a process of performing things in a special or unique way so that no
one can do it.
2.
Authority and Responsibility:
Here,
Authority means Power to give orders to
subordinate.
Responsibility means Obligation to perform a work by
a subordinate himself.
·
This general principle of management refers to
maintaining a proper balance between Authority and responsibility.
·
IN ABSENCE
There is negative effect on organization:
i. Lack of coordination between superior and
subordinate.
ii. Lacks understanding of organizational goal.
3.
Discipline:
Discipline refers to a practice of obeying rules and regulations
for smooth functioning of organization.
·
IN ABSENCE
i. Leads to chaos.
ii. Conflict among members.
iii. Avoids optimum Utilization of resources.
4. Unity of command:
This general principle of management refers to:
i.
Each subordinate should receive orders from
only one superior.
ii.
Should be accountable to only one superior.
AIM:
·
To avoid dual subordination between superior
and subordinate
·
Quick decision making.
·
For better performance of subordinate.
·
Avoidance of chaos.
5.
Unity of direction:
This principle mainly focuses on “ONE HEAD
AND ONE PLAN”.
Every organization includes complex and group activity and in that
regard:
·
Every department or for every group performing
any kind of activity, there should be one head to provide directions towards
achieving the prime organization goal.
·
AIM:
i.
Provides coordination.
ii.
Efficiently and effectively achievement of
goal.
iii.
Maximum utilization of funds.
6.
Centralization and Decentralization:
Centralization means distributing authority or power
to lower level.
Decentralization means keeping power of authority in
one hand and not sharing it with others at lower level.
BECAUSE OF:
·
Too much centralization leads to,
Increase in work
load
Delay in decision
making
Decreases
motivation and willingness to work
·
Too much decentralization leads to Loss of
managing power and is suitable only for skilled personnel.
·
Excess decentralization
may lead to misuse of authority.
7.
Scalar Chain:
This principle demands that within the organization there should
be a proper and an order for authority and
communication which should be flow from top to bottom.
·
It helps in applying Unity of command.
·
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY,
To avoid delay in
decision making employee of one department can directly report or communicate
with employee of other department having same rank in the organization, after
informing their superior.
It is
known as Gang plank.
(Conditions:
i.
Employee having same rank.
ii.
Employee should belong to same level.)
·
AIM:
i.
To ensure unity of command.
ii.
To ensure authority and responsibility.
iii.
To maintain better relationship between
superior and subordinate.
8.
Subordination of individual interest to
general interest:
·
SUBORDINATION means placing lower position so,
this principle of management states that individual interest must be placed
lower for general or organizational interest.
·
Management must direct and coordinate with
subordinate so that that can transmute their personal motive for achievement of
organizational goal.
·
It is the duty of manager to apply this
principle of management if individuals are unable to do the same.
·
AIM:
i.
Increases the
willingness and changes interest towards achievement of goal.
ii.
To improve
standard of living by benefiting organization.
9. Order:
It states that in an organization, for everything there should be proper and suitable place.
AIM:
i.
Increases productivity and efficiency.
ii.
Saves time.
iii.
No Obstruction.
10. Remuneration of Employees:
Remuneration means giving salary or wages.
This principle states that remuneration:
i. Amount must be fair and as per
skills of Employees.
ii. Within the capacity of organization.
AIM:
i. Future prosperity of organization.
ii.
Motivates Employees.
11. Stability of Personnel:
Stability of personnel means giving a sufficient period of time to
employees for show their skills in the specified job.
AIM:
i. Reduces Employees turnover (resigning of
employees from organization.
ii. Saves time and money of recruitment.
iii. Leads to specialization.
12. Initiative:
According to this employs must be given equal chances and
opportunities that take initiative in making and execution of plans.
AIM:
i. Increases self motivation which rises
willingness to work.
ii. Good coordination.
iii. Efficiently achievement of goal.
13. Equity:
This principle states that management must avoid any type of
discrimination and partiality based on sex, caste, rich or poor, religion,
language etc.
AIM:
i. Better relations between management and employees.
ii. Increases coordination.
iii. Increases devotion, willingness and loyalty towards organization.
14. Espirit de corps:
This refers to the duty of management to generating spirit of unity
and maintaining and harmony among members of organization.
AIM:
i. It increases coordination.
ii. Optimum utilization of resources.
iii. Efficiently and effectively accomplishing prime goal.
